Integrating Onomastic Data seminar

Last week we participated in the sixteenth meeting of the Baltic Division of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) who held a seminar on Integration of onomastic data into geo-spatial infrastructure. The paper Humphrey Southall and Paula Aucott; Linking places with spaces: examples from the PastPlace project was presented at the meeting being held in Tallinn, Estonia, which was jointly hosted by The Place Names Board of Estonia at the Ministry of the Interior, the Institute of the Estonian Language and the National Land Board.

GSGS 4072, Tallinn

 Today’s feature map shows Tallinn and its surrounding area as it was in 1944 on this map published by the British War Office as part of their GSGS 4072 series, Sheet NE 58 / 22 – Tallinn. The city was considerably smaller then than it is now. Another point of interest is that following the name Tallinn is the name Revel in brackets, this was the Russian name for the city.

A copy of the presentation is here: http://www.slideshare.net/HumphreySouthall/linking-spaces-with-places-examples-from-thepastplace-project

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Announcing Pelagios 3

“Pelagios 3” is a new two-year project funded by the Mellon Foundation and led by Leif Isaksen (Southampton University), Elton Barker (Open University) and Rainer Simon (Austrian Institute of Technology). It will annotate, link and index place references in digitized Early Geospatial Documents (EGDs), which means maps and itineraries from before 1492; the aim is to gather placenames from just about everything that can be called a map, but the choice of end date means there will be nothing at all from the Americas. You can read more about Pelagios on their blog and in this not entirely helpful Guardian article:

• http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com
• http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/18/researchers-build-google-earth-project-for-the-ancient-world

Pelagios 1 and 2 worked entirely with the Pleiades gazetteer of the classical world, based at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University, and Pelagios 3 annotations from Greek and Roman sources will be linked into Pleiades. However, the scope of Pelagios 3 is broader, so annotations from Chinese historical sources will be added to the China Historical GIS at Harvard and annotations from medieval European and Arab sources will be added to our gazetteer at Portsmouth.

Ruth Mostern (UC Merced), Karl Grossner (Stanford) and Lex Berman (Harvard) having lunch in Central Park during Pelagios 3 kick-off meeting.

Some users of Vision of Britain will have discovered that we include a substantial amout of information about elsewhere in Europe, but mainly just in Estonia and Sweden, so a lot of work is needed to provide a framework for content from Pelagios:

• For now, this is not about the wide range of content accessible through Vision of Britain, like old maps and historical statistics, but simply about the gazetteer of “places”, with variant names, which forms our most accessible layer. We will be very rapidly extending this by importing “places” from Wikidata.
• Vision of Britain is obviously inappropriate here, so this will be publicised as PastPlace, and use the internet domain pastplace.org.
• Our own funding from Pelagios is quite limited, and entirely to further develop the Linked Data API we are already running at http://data.pastplace.org/search.
• We obviously want to also create a web site for people to use, and extend the content to include historical information that is less than 500 years old, but we cannot announce anything immediately.

Behind the scenes there will be just one body of information, held in a single database, and in the very long term PastPlace may completely replace Vision of Britain. However, for the forseeable future our British content will be far richer than what we hold for anywhere else, so two “brands” and web sites seems appropriate.

New travel writing: Thomas Pennant’s tour of Scotland in 1769

We have just added another tour to our collection of travel writing. This is Thomas Pennant’s A Tour in Scotland 1769, joining his later The Journey from Chester to London (1780). The book ends with a simple list of the places visited, and here our automatically generated map very clearly traces out his route:

Although less well known than Boswell’s and Johnson’s accounts of their similar journey four years later, Pennant provides a far more detailed description of the places visited. At one point Boswell commented “After supper, we talked of Pennant. It was objected that he was superficial. Dr Johnson defended him warmly. He said, ‘Pennant has greater variety of inquiry than almost any man, and has told us more than perhaps one in ten thousand could have done, in the time that he took’.”

In particular, Pennant provides a fascinating account of the Highlands relativel soon after the 1745 uprising, and its brutal suppression following the Jacobites’ defeat at Culloden:

At the end of Loch-Shiel the Pretender first set up his standard in the wildest place that imagination can frame: and in this sequestered spot, amidst ancient prejudices, and prevaling ignorance of the blessings of our happy constitution, the strength of the rebellion lay.

He also notes how industrialisation was affecting even northern Scotalnd:

The north side of Loch-Tay is very populous; for in sixteen square miles are seventeen hundred and eighty-six souls : on the other side, about twelve hundred. The country, within these thirty years, manufactures a great deal of thread. They spin with rocks, which they do while they attend their cattle on the hills; and, at the four fairs in the year, held at Kinmore , above sixteen hundred pounds worth of yarn is sold out of Breadalbane only: which shews the great increase of industry in these parts, for less than forty years ago there was not the lest trade in this article. The yarn is bought by persons who attend the fairs tor that purpose, and sell it again at Perth , Glasgow , and other places, where it is manufactured into cloth.

Adding Pennant’s book to the system also meant defining another 276 “places” — so our coverage of hamlets and castles in northern Scotland is greatly improved.

Starting a long goodbye to .jsp

We went live with a couple of new features today.

URL rewriting: If you look at your browser’s address bar, for many pages it will now display a shorter address. For example, the “place page” for Evesham is now:

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/1002

Note that the old address still works:

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=1002

So what has changed? Behind the scenes, the new address is in fact being rewritten to the old address via a set of “rewrite rules” running at quite a high level within our server. However, from now on we want people to use the new addresses for two reasons:

— They are not tied to particular technology. For example, JSP is short for “Java Server Pages”, and you will see many other sites that instead use ASP (Active Server Pages) or PHP (Personal Hypertext Processor, I think). Any such addresses will change if the site gets hosted on a different kind of server.

— The new addresses have been consciously designed and reflect the underlying structure of our information. As such, they meet the general rules for URIs; Uniform Resource Identifiers. See:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier

And:

https://update.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/resource-library/designing-uri-sets-uk-public-sector

Some more examples of these new addresses:

Evesham Municipal Borough home page:

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10193930

Population time series for Evesham MB:

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10193930/cube/TOT_POP

It is going to take some time to implement these new addresses across the whole site, and we apologise for any glitches that arise during this process.

New search interface to data documentation: we have been working for some time to make our statistical content easier to access. Another step on the way is a simple keyword search interface for statistics:

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data/#tab04

Try terms like “unemployment”, “blacksmith” or “Irish Nationalist”. More about that later, once we have made it easier to reach not just the documentation but the actual data.

Humphrey Southall

New article about using A Vision of Britain for local history: Great Rollright

The Oxfordshire Family History Society has just published an article we have written about using the web site A Vision of Britain through Time to study the history of a single village, using the example of Great Rollright in Oxfordshire, site of the Rollright stones:

Aucott, Paula and Southall, Humphrey (2012) Using ‘A Vision of Britain through Time’ to investigate an Oxfordshire village. Oxfordshire Family Historian, 26 (3). pp. 165-172.

The Rollright Stones, as included in our version of William Camden’s Britannia

Clicking on the link takes you to a copy of our text we are making available on-line via the University of Portsmouth’s e-print repository, the actual address being:

http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9901

The repository also holds a paper we published in 2006 in Local Population Studies. The screen shots are of the original pre-2009 site whose organisation was a little different, but the earlier article goes into a bit more technical detail:

http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9521

As a result of our article, Cliff Baughen has sent us this map of Great Rollright that appeared in the Oxfordshire Record Society’s The Manors and Advowson of Great Rollright by Reginald Jeffery (1927):

Great Rollright c. 1800

We now have more detailed Irish historical maps

We are continuing to improve our coverage of Ireland.

Up to now, the only historical mapping was what we have for more or less the whole of Europe: 1:500,000 maps published by the British General Staff Geographical Survey in the 1940s. These show towns but few villages.

We have now added to the web site A Vision of Britain through Time  more detailed maps at 1:126,720 scale, or two miles-to-one inch. These were also published by the British military in the 1940s,  but were based not on an aerial survey but on scaling down One Inch maps published by the Ordnance Survey in 1899-1914 — so our mapping is really of late nineteenth century Ireland, following construction of the railway network.

Detail from GSGS 4127 showing Dublin

We have built a continuous mosaic from these sheets and used it to extend the most detailed layer within our “20th century” mapping, which holds our New Popular one inch maps of Great Britain, so you can access these maps by simply zooming in further on Irish locations. The twenty-five individual map sheets can be accessed in the usual way within our map library, i.e. by scrolling down when the mosaic viewer is zoomed in on a relevant location, then clicking on the sheet thumbnail.

This Irish work is unfunded, but so far we include:

• Descriptive gazetteer entries: 3,939 detailed entries from Lewis’s Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837), plus 8,189 shorter Irish entries from Bartholomew’s Gazetteer of the British Isles (1887).
• Travel writers: Camden, Head’s Home Tour of the UK and both the Wesley’s visit Ireland — but they are not currently linked into Irish “places”.
• Administrative units: We currently include four provinces, thirty-two counties, 163 Irish poor law unions, 326 baronies and 24 recent Northern Ireland constituencies.
• Administrative boundaries: for all Irish counties, and most baronies.
• Historical statistics: 1,518 data values, all being nineteenth century Farm Census data for Irish counties.
• Places: Forty-one have been defined so far, covering the counties and a few others needed to make Northern Ireland constituency data accessible.

We have access to a great deal more Irish statistical data computerised for the Database of Irish Historical Statistics, but generating the additional DDI metadata required is what absolutely requires substantial funding. For now, our aim is primarily to create a comprehensive gazetteer of places and units. The next step will be adding parishes and townlands as more detailed administrative geographies from an 1850s listing, and then we will systematically define more “places” to link everything together.

Humphrey Southall

Sustaining A Vision of Britain through Time

The construction of this web site was originally funded by the Big Lottery Fund, with a major rebuild in 2009 funded by the UK Higher Education Funding Councils via their Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC). Many other grant-giving bodies have assisted in creation of the contents, and we are especially grateful to the Frederick Soddy Trust who have made a multi-year commitment.

However, the running costs of the web site are another matter, and they are substantial: over £9,000 for hosting in 2011-12, and we also have to pay for a new server. The original site was funded for three years by the British Library, and then by the JISC grant that was extending the system, but since 2009 we have had to pay our own way. Originally our main source of income was licensing data for commercial use, mainly to assist in establishing chancel repair liability. Changes to that rather obscure law mean this income is uncertain after 2013.

Fortunately, our income from advertising on the site has been growing, and I have just created this graph for a report I am writing. Using monthly data on user numbers and Google Ads income from April 2009 to October 2012, it shows that income is very closely related to the numbers of visitors to the site — and the highest figures for both are those for last month. Touch wood, so long as we continue to provide compelling content, we will continue to generate the income needed to make that content available. A virtuous circle.

Humphrey Southall